<p dir="ltr"><a href="http://dataskeptic.com/epnotes/auditing-algorithms.php">http://dataskeptic.com/epnotes/auditing-algorithms.php</a></p>
<p dir="ltr">"Surprisingly, in the face of public scrutiny the company did not deny its manipulations.
<br>
Speaking before the US Congress, the president of American, Robert L. Crandall, boldly
<br>
declared that biasing SABRE’s search results to the advantage of his own company was in fact
<br>
his primary aim. He testified that “the preferential display of our flights, and the corresponding
<br>
increase in our market share, is the competitive raison d’etre for having created the [SABRE]
<br>
system in the first place” (Petzinger, 1996). We might call this perspective “Crandall’s
<br>
complaint:” Why would you build and operate an expensive algorithm if you can’t bias it in your
<br>
favor?"</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="http://www-personal.umich.edu/~csandvig/research/Auditing%20Algorithms%20--%20Sandvig%20--%20ICA%202014%20Data%20and%20Discrimination%20Preconference.pdf">http://www-personal.umich.edu/~csandvig/research/Auditing%20Algorithms%20--%20Sandvig%20--%20ICA%202014%20Data%20and%20Discrimination%20Preconference.pdf</a></p>